Estniska kulturpersoner
Estniska kulturpersoner
ESTLÄNDSKA GÄSTER I SVERIGE
av Per Simon Edström
http://www.arenateater.se/estl.htm
När ett världskrig böljar fram och tillbaks över ett land, som ligger mitt i krigets väg, blir till sist alla de som bor i det landet så komprometterade av den nya ockupationsmaktens misstanke om samarbete med tidigare ockupationsmakter att de måste fly. Det är vad som för ett femtiotal år sedan hände i de baltiska länderna på andra sidan av det lilla innanhav vi i Sverige kallar Östersjön.
I Estland flydde de som var kommunister tillsammans med ryssarna när tyskarna kom och när ryssarna kom tillbaks hade alla de som stannat kvar i landet förvandlats till nazister i ryssarnas ögon. Till och med en operettskådespelare eller en balettdansös, som uppträtt för en publik där tyska soldater applåderat, visste med sig att han gjort bort sig och gjorde säkrast i att fly. Den enda vägen var att fly över den Västersjö, som de kallade Baltiska Havet, och så kom de fram över Östersjön till svenska kusten och steg i land i Sverige.
I Sverige spelade politikerna ett spel om pengar med märkta kort, som kallades Neutralitet och som gick ut på att vänta och se vem som skulle vinna kriget. Flyktingarna samlades i läger för att kanske senare kunna användas som insats i spelet. Och svenska folket lät sig bluffas av politikerna i spelet och samlade järnskrot ur bodar och buskar till det Svenska Neutralitetsförsvaret. Först långt senare fick folk veta att järnskrotet såldes med god förtjänst av Stena Olsson till Tyskland, där det blev till tanks och kanoner för den krigförande sida, som många av landets politiker trodde skulle vinna kriget.
Själv tillhörde jag en generation som betraktade början av kriget med ett barns ögon, men som åldrades och fick andra ögon, som såg på annat sätt, ju mer den såg av kriget. Eftersom jag bodde i skärgården visste jag att kriget var nära, bara på andra sidan sjön. Och andra sidan av sjön, det var nära. Stod man längst ute i skärgården kunde man vid vissa tider före ett oväder se öarna på andra sidan sjön hägra över horisonten. Det var Ösel och Dagö sades det. En plikttrogen svensk lantmätare från inlandet, som såg dem på 1700-talet, tyckte att de låg så nära så att han ritade in dem på sin karta över den svenska kusten. Vi barn i skärgården hade fått lära oss att om man drev till sjöss i frånlandsvind och red ut vågorna med sin båt så blev man räddad när man drev i land på andra sidan. Och hade man tur hamnade man på en ö där man talade svenska.
Men nu var det hemska kriget där på andra sidan. Och det var tur att vinden blåste från öster, så att man inte drev över dit när man var ute och tog upp långreven.
Ostvinden förde med sig flyktingarna från andra sidan. De kom i båtar av alla de slag. En del av dem var i så dåligt skick att det var obegripligt att de ridit ut vågorna med så många människor ombord. Men pytsar och öskar förklarade hur det hade gått till. Till stranden av Rådmansö kom en liten öppen fiskebåt med sprisegel och många människor. De klev i land och blev omhändertagna av militärer med likadana vapen, som de militärer på andra sidan sjön, som de hade flytt från. Fiskaren, som klev sist i land från den läckande båten, sålde på stående fot båten till min far för pengar. Min far gav båten till mig som present, pekade på öskaret och sa att nu får du lära dig ösa. Men när jag lärde mig ösa lärde jag mig också att segla. Och lärde mig också de knopar och knep jag sedan i livet fått användning av som teatertekniker.
Det var efter kriget jag på allvar började studera teater. Teoretiska studier på Stockholms Högskola försummades för nattarbete med studentteater. Teaterhistoria lästes i Drottningholms teatermuseums bibliotek på Linnégatan för Agne Beijer och där träffade jag åter flyktingarna. De som inte skickats tillbaks av svenska politiker och poliser. De kom från många länder och hade placerats på Drottningholms Teatermuseum av någon svensk myndighet som arkivarbetare för att de visste något om teater. Att de var skådespelare, sångare och dansare brydde sig myndigheten inte om. Här satt de nu vid skrivbord i stället för att stå på scenen och klistrade urklipp och ordnade böcker. Och kokade te och berättade för mig om teater. En av dem var författare. Han hette August Mälk och var från Estland och gjorde på museets ålderdomliga skrivmaskin en lista över de estländska kulturarbetare, som nu tvingades leva i Sverige i stället för i Estland. Sen band han samman sidornas till en liten bok, som en av hans vänner katalogiserade och ställde in i en bokhylla bland de andra böckerna, antagligen med Agne Beijers goda minne, som ett historiskt dokument om att dessa flyktingar funnits till.
Till detta nummer av Proscen har jag tagit fram den boken ur hyllan och gjort en enkel lista över människorna, där det står vad de gjorde i Estland, hur de kom till Sverige och vad de sedan fick göra för att försörja sig i Sverige. Tidpunkten för de sista uppgifterna saknar angivelse, men måste vara något eller några år efter fredsutbrottet.
ESTNISKA FLYKTINGSKONSTNÄRER I SVERIGE
JUHAN AAVIK, kompositör, f 1884.
I ESTLAND:Kör- och orkesterledare vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn. Musikprofessor.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Ledare för den estniska kvartetten "Bel canto".
Arkivarbetare som notskrivare i Uppsala.
ARTUR ADSON, diktare, f 1898.
I ESTLAND: Journalist, poet och teaterkritiker.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Drottningholms Teatermuseums Bibliotek.
REIN ANDRE, skådespelare, f 1912.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelare vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: 25 september via Finland.
I SVERIGE: Trädgårdsarbetare.
PRIIT ARDNA, kompositör
I ESTLAND: Kyrkorganist, körledare och kompositör av operetterna
"Fiskarflickan" och "Flickan utan fosterland".
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Fiskarbåt till Gotland.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Notskrivningscentralen i Uppsala.
AUGUST GAILIT, författare, f 1891.
I ESTLAND: Journalist, teaterdirektör för "Vanemuise"-teatern, legationssekreterare i Berlin, författare till noveller och romaner Toomas Nipernaadi” (1928), „Isade maa” (1935), „Karge meri” (1938), „Ekke Moor” (1941), „Leegitsev süda” (1945), „Üle rahutu vee” (1951).
RRI KAASIK, operettsångare, f 1918.
I ESTLAND: Operett-tenor vid Estoniateatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Med en motorseglare 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Sångare vid Stora Teatern i Göteborg.
MARIE KALBEK, skådespelare, f 1893.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelare vid "Endla"-teatern i Pärnu och Estoniateatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Från Dagö till Dalarö.
I SVERIGE: Textilarbeterska i Hälsingborg.
BERNHARD KANGRO, diktare
I ESTLAND: Poet.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Hösten 1944.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Värmlandsmuseet i Karlstad.
VALENTINE KASK, operettsångerska
I ESTLAND: Schlagersångerska i radio.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Via Tyskland.
EDO KARRISOO, operasångare, f 1907.
I ESTLAND: Operasångare med internationell karriär.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Drottningholms Teatermuseums Bibliotek.
ALBERT KIVIKAS, författare, f 1898.
I ESTLAND: Journalist i Tartu och Tallinn.
Romanförfattare med motiv från landsbygden och frihetskriget.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Från Finland i oktober 1944.
I SVERIGE: Torvarbetare i Älmeboda.
HANNO KOMPUS, arkitekt och teaterregissör, f 1890.
I ESTLAND: Dramatiker och operaregissör vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Samfundet för Hembygdsvård.
TEET KOPPEL, skådespelare, f 1912.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelare och dansare vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Med motorskeppet "Juhan" i september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Folkparksartist.
EDMAR KUUS, skådespelare, f 1914.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelare (t ex Per Gynt) vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Med seglaren "Urve" från Pärnu.
I SVERIGE: Byggnadsarbetare.
BETTI KUUSKEMMA, skådespelerska
I ESTLAND: Skådespelerska vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE:
I SVERIGE: Arbetar i köket vid Loka Brunns flyktingläger.
VLADIMIR LAASON, skådespelare, f 1895.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelare och regissör vid "Endla"-teatern i Pärnu.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: 23 september 1944 med segelskepp från ön Kihnu i Pärnuviken till Fårö.
I SVERIGE: Tryckeriarbetare vid Norrköpings litografiska AB.
MILVI LAID, operettsångerska, f 1906.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelerska vid Ugala-teatern i Viljandi och Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Vintern 1945 från Finland.
AGNES LEPP, skådespelerska (AGNES KAASIK)
I ESTLAND: Skådespelerska vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: 23 september 1944.
RUDOLF LIPP, skådespelare, f 1915.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelare vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Hösten 1944.
I SVERIGE: Vägarbetare i Stockholm.
IDA LOO-TALVARI, operasångerska
I ESTLAND: Koloratursopran vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Våren 1944 från Tyskland.
KLAUDIA MALDUTIS, dansös, (KLAUDIA KÖKS), f 1910.
I ESTLAND: Balttdansös vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Dansös på revyteatern China.
HELMI MÄELO, författare, f 1898.
I ESTLAND: Författare till verk om absolutism och hemslöjd.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Med Röda Kors-buss från Tyskland 4 april 1945.
I SVERIGE: Ledare för Daghemmet för estniska barn i Lund.
AUGUST MÄLK, författare, f 1900.
I ESTLAND: Författare till 20 romaner och skådespel.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Med en motorseglaren 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Drottningholms Teatermuseums Bibliotek.
HILMA NEREP, pianist, f 1923.
I ESTLAND: Musikstuderande.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Musikstuderande.
VERNER NEREP, dirigent, f 1895.
I ESTLAND: Chefsdirigent vid Estonia-teatern i Talinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Drottningholms Teatermuseums Bibliotek.
GERDA OLAK, balettmästare
I ESTLAND: Laban-elev med egen dansstudio i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
PAUL OLAK, teaterdirektör, f 1880.
I ESTLAND: Teaterdirektör vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Drottningholms Teatermuseums Bibliotek.
RAHEL OLBREI, balettmästare, (RAHEL KOMPUS), f 1898.
I ESTLAND: Dansös och balettmästare vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Trädgårdsarbetare i Saltsjöbaden.
MARJE PARIKAS, skådespelerska, f 1890.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelerska vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Gift med konstfotografen Parikas, som arbetar som arkivarbetare
vid Drottningholms Teatermuseums Bibliotek.
MARIE POSKA, operettsångerska,f 1915.
I ESTLAND: Operett och schlagersångerska.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Hösten 1944.
I SVERIGE: Sångerska vid China-teatern och Stora Teatern i Göteborg.
KALJO RAID, kompositör,f 1921.
I ESTLAND: Cellist vid Radioorkestern och körledare i Babtistkyrkan i Nõmre.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: September 1944.
I SVERIGE: Verksam som cellist.
TERESE REI, operasångerska. Åter till 1944
I ESTLAND: Konsertsångerska.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Från Moskva över Riga.
I SVERIGE: Medlem i estniska operasångarnas kvartett "Bel Canto".
RIINA REINIK, operettsubrett, (RIINA LIPP).
I ESTLAND: Skådespelerska vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Hösten 1944 med motorskeppet "Juhan".
I SVERIGE: Folkparksartist.
VALENTINE RIIVES, pianist
I ESTLAND: Konsertpianist.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Hösten 1944.
I SVERIGE: Pianolärare.
JOHANNES ROMOT, skådespelare, f 1907.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelare vid Arbetare-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Kypare i Skytteholm.
OLAV ROOTS, dirigent och pianist, f 1910.
I ESTLAND: Lärare vi Rikskonservatoriet i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Konsertpianist.
LENSI RÖMMER, skådespelerska, (HELENE KUUS), f 1903.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelerska vi Endla-teatern i Pärnu.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Segelskeppet "Urve" från Pärnu 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Gift med skådespelaren Edmar Kuus, verksam som byggnadsarbetare.
HILJA SAARNE, pianist, f 1911.
I ESTLAND: Pianist.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Bor i Luleå med sin make, som är verksam som läkare vid länslasarettet.
GUSTAV SUITS, diktare, f 1883.
I ESTLAND: Professor i litteratur vid Högskolan i Tartu..
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Från Finland sommaren 1945.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Stockholms Högskola.
FRIEDRICH TAMMAR, dirigent,f 1900.
I ESTLAND: Orkesterdirigent.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Ångbåten "Loksa" 25 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare.
OLGA TOROKOFF-TIEDEBERG, operasångerska
I ESTLAND: Operasångerska vid Estonia-teatrern i Tallinn..
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE:
EDUARD TUBIN, kompositör, f 1905.
I ESTLAND: Dirigent och körledare vid Vanmuine-teatern i Tartu.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE: Körledare för KFUMs manskör.
ZELIA UHKE-AUMERE, violinist, f 1919.
I ESTLAND: Konsertviolinist.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Hösten 1944.
I SVERIGE: Konsertviolinist och arkivarbetare vid Sveriges Scoutförbund.
MARIE UNDER, diktare, (MARIE ADSON), f 1883.
I ESTLAND: Poet med 15 diktsamlingar utgivna.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Motorseglaren Triina 23 september 1944.
I SVERIGE:
ERIC H VIIRES, sångare, f 1916.
I ESTLAND: Journalist och sångare.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Hösten 1944.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Drottningholms Teatermuseums Bibliotek.
AARNE VIISIMAA, operasångare, f 1898.
I ESTLAND: Sångare och operaregissör.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Från Finland till Sverige vintern 1945.
I SVERIGE: Arkivarbetare vid Notskrivningscentralen i Uppsala.
KUSTAF VILJUR, skådespelare,f 1900.
I ESTLAND: Skådespelare vid Narva-teatern och regissör vid Kuuresare teater på Ösel.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Från Tyskland våren 1945.
I SVERIGE: Bor i flyktingläger i Vråka.
ELS VAARMAN, operasångerska, (ELISABET KALJOT),
I ESTLAND: Operasångerska vid Estonia-teatern i Tallinn.
FLYKTVÄG TILL SVERIGE: Hösten 1944.
Av denna lilla lista fylld med människoöden kan man alltså utläsa att Estonia-teatern i Tallinn blev nästan utan personal när motorseglaren Triina kom till Sverige den 23 september 1944 och man kan också se att många tvingades lämna sina konstnärliga yrken.
Men av August Mälks mer innehållsrika manuskript framgår också att många också i Sverige fick användning för sitt yrkeskunnande och sin konstnärliga vilja att uttrycka sig vid de turnéer med estländsk teater, sång och uppläsningar, som anordnades till flyktingläger runt omkring i landet. Organisationer som "Hjälp krigets offer", Flyktingsnämnden, Estniska konsertgruppen, Estniska dramagruppen, Estniska operasångartes kvartett och "Välklingande fem" stod bakom dessa turnéer. Några fick också arbete i sina gamla yrken vid Folkparkerna, China-teatern i Stockholm och Stora Teatern i Göteborg.
Estniska författare aktiva i Sverige
Författare från Ingermanland aktiva i Sverige
The Database of Estonian Writers
http://www.estlit.ee/elis/?cmd=writers
A
1972
Prosaist and poetess Kai Aareleid made her debut in 2011 with the novel Vene veri (Russian Blood). The work, which was praised for its form, language, and themes, was nominated for Estonia’s most prestigious award for prose. In ... >>
1979 - 2021
In 2017, a story set on the coast of Lake Peipus won the Estonian Writers’ Union’s novel-writing competition. Serafima ja Bogdan (Serafima and Bogdan) tells of Estonia’s eastern shore and the communities scattered ... >>
1990
Eda Ahi (b. 1990) is one of the most masterful Estonian poets of her generation, and is a phenomenon among her peers. Her works are characterized by precise style, the use of rhyme, and graceful, effortless rhythm. The thrilling poetry of ... >>
1968
Tiit Aleksejev´s books are to be awaited. His crusade novel Palveränd (Pilgrimage, 2008), the first part of a trilogy, is among the best works of fiction that have appeared lately, and his debut novel, Valge kuningriik (The White ... >>
1973
Martin Algus is an actor, screenwriter, playwright, dramaturg, and translator who has written scripts for several popular Estonian TV series and films. Among other awards, he has received Estonia’s most celebrated prize for humor and is ... >>
1906 - 1989
Betti Alver's works of poetry are demanding and masterful in form: they are based in the classical European poetry tradition, although they contain quintessential Estonian-ness both in terms of language and a folk-poetic background. Her poetry ... >>
B
1936 - 2019
Nikolai Baturin is part of the `big literature´ of Estonia, a unique phenomenon because of his work´s panoramic fantasy, a certain epic quality and a rare sense of language forming a powerful combination. It is somewhat ironic that an ... >>
1957
Priidu Beier is one of the first poets of a new paradigm of Estonian poetry which appeared in the middle of the 1980s. He has brought some stylistic and thematic freedom into a stylized canon of poetry. Beier received the Juhan Liiv Poetry Prize ... >>
1945
Maimu Berg began her career as an author relatively late in life when she published Kirjutajad. Seisab üksi mäe peal (Writers. Standing Alone on the Hill, 1988) where she takes up the theme of 19th-century cultural history in a rather ... >>
C
1974
Contra, a.k.a. Margus Konnula, is a poet and children's writer from Urvaste in Southern Estonia – a very unique ethno-futurist poet. Born in 1974, he has worked as an English-language teacher and a post officer, and has been a ... >>
E
1940 - 2011
What is surrealism? If it is a historical movement restricted to a small circle of French poets, who gathered around André Breton in the nineteen-twenties, then there would be no more surrealists anywhere else in the world. But if ... >>
1977
Kristiina Ehin, born into a family of poets (1977 in Rapla) has become one of the most successful poets of the younger generation. Her fourth and most voluminous collection of poems, Kaitseala (Protected Area, 2005), written during a year spent ... >>
1967 - 2006
Jüri Ehlvest was one of the most exciting and mysterious authors to feature in recent Estonian prose. His works attracted a great deal of attention over the past decade and he received several literary awards. On two occasions, Ehlvest ... >>
F
1973
Meelis Friedenthal has defended a doctoral thesis on a 13th-century philosophical/theological manuscript at the University of Tartu. Having worked on the faculty of the Department of Theology, he is currently a senior researcher at the University ... >>
1971
The work of the poet fs, formerly known as Francois Serpent (which is of course to be understood as a pseudonym) draws together the contemporary lines of power in Estonian poetry, while at the same time staying clearly distinct, standing out, and ... >>
G
1891 - 1960
August Gailit was a writer of exuberant imagination, a late neo-romanticist, whose entire output focuses on the eternal opposition of beauty and ugliness. He is immediately recognisable by his style, which probably leaves nobody indifferent. Born ... >>
H
1970
Indrek Hargla is the best Estonian writer in the field of science fiction, fantastic horror and heroic fantasy. He has gained fame home and abroad with his historical crime novels staged in medieval Tallinn.His pseudonym, Hargla, originates ... >>
1973
Mehis Heinsaar is one of the rising stars of recent Estonian literature. Though originally he aspired to become a long-distance runner, writing soon took over: he moved on to writing poetry, making his debut as a poet belonging to the literary ... >>
1956
Kärt Hellerma has written short stories, novels, travelogues, poetry, children’s books, and published a wealth of literary criticism. Born in Tallinn in 1956, she graduated from Tartu University, majoring in journalism. Prior to ... >>
1956
Indrek Hirv is a true poet. Evidence of this lies in the fact that Hirv feels that poetry is the only way to make contact with the world. He has also worked in ceramics, but Hirv is better known as a poet – a virtuoso. The poet, who follows ... >>
1963
Andrei Hvostov (b. 1963) studied history at the University of Tartu and has worked for almost 20 years as a journalist. Hvostov has a different way of approaching Estonia’s history in his books – a certain wish to see Estonia from an ... >>
I
1948
Peep Ilmet made his debut in 1969 in the Õitsev tuul (Blossoming Wind) edition of a samizdat magazine, Kamikadze. He was one of the most fertile authors of underground manuscript almanacs at that time. The conditional point marking the ... >>
1971
Andrei Ivanov (b. 24/12/1971) sees himself as part of the Russian literary tradition, but identifies with Estonia as his home country and his creative point of departure. He graduated from Tallinn pedagogical university as a Russian philologist, ... >>
J
1923 - 2019
Ilmar Jaks was an author characterized as poetic, ironic, paradoxical, unexpected – and without a doubt one of the Estonian authors whose Second World War was most adventurous. Jaks was born in 1923 in Western Estonia as a son of a teacher, ... >>
1947
Jaak Jõerüüt is a writer, politician and diplomat, who began his career as a hippie poet in Tallinn cafés. Jõerüüt made his debut with poetry in 1967; his first collection Kaitsekiht (Protection Layer) was ... >>
K
1926 - 2020
Ain Kaalep was a poet, playwright, critic and translator, a cultural mediator – a classic in every respect. Kaalep stood up first for modernising the form of poetry, for the free verse which was not favoured in the Soviet Union, and when it ... >>
1957
Holger Kaints is the first receiver of the Wordwormer Prize (in 2009) for the best and the most fascinating book having appeared between the two Feasts of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Estonia. He is absolutely original both in his ... >>
1970
As a writer, Kätlin Kaldmaa seems to almost walk a razor-thin blade – her feminine identity is piercing and depthless, and she staunchly raises sharp social-critical topics. Kaldmaa constantly calls forth this sensitivity and ... >>
1943
Teet Kallas is probably the writer every Estonian knows very well, as he has since 1996 been the scriptwriter of the country´s most well known TV drama serial Õnne 13 (13 Fortune Street) with a weekly audience of 250, 000 people. But ... >>
1910 - 1994
There was a writer without whom the Estonian intellectual space in post-war exile would not have been the same. Bernard Kangro was one of those who formed the quintessence of exile literature. In his homeland his name was during the Soviet ... >>
1973
Maarja Kangro came to the Estonian literary world as a translator of Umberto Eco, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Andrea Zanzotto and Valerio Magrelli from Italian, English and German, and became a poet somehow and somewhere through translating. Her ... >>
1971
Mart Kangur, a poet, is a master of word-play, at the same time with deceptively very pure, clear and simple language, seeming to write with captivating inner enjoyment and engagement. His debut collection of poetry, Kuldne põli (Golden ... >>
1941 - 2021
The most famous, significant, and most translated Estonian writer today, Jaan Kaplinski, started his literary life as a poet in what are termed the Golden Sixties of Estonian literature. Kaplinski's poetry was written by a European humanist who ... >>
1958
It is easy to say of Doris Kareva that she secures her place like a shining pearl in the strong tradition of Estonian women’s poetry. However, that would be to say that Doris Kareva is simply a very good poet; that she is a master who knows ... >>
1926 - 1992
Raimond Kaugver was a true Estonian best-selling author from the mid-1960's until his death. He wrote novels, short stories, narratives, plays, and radio dramas. The print run of his novel Vana mees tahab koju (The Old Man Wants to Go Home) ... >>
1962
The poet and writer Kauksi Ülle is the central figure of the South Estonian regional movement. She has been equally active as a poet and as a promoter of her mother-tongue, and probably the most well-known author in the Võru dialect ... >>
1971
Jan Kaus (1971) is a writer, translator, and essayist. He has published collections of poetry, short stories, miniatures, essays, and six novels. Kaus was chairman of the Estonian Writers’ Union from 2004–2007 and has worked as an ... >>
1959 - 2010
Journalist, poet, and critic of literary texts and wine, Kalev Kesküla wrote poetry in prose, at walking pace: he paraphrased Michel de Certeau and defined himself as a flâneur. He was said to be a typical Estonian man, who cared about ... >>
1963
Mart Kivastik (born 1963) has written short stories and novels, essays, film scripts, plays and travel stories. His texts are just like a real living creature with its incomparable ability to leave a deep impression in the memory: they are ... >>
1898 - 1978
Albert Kivikas (1898-1978) had three quite distinct roles in Estonian literary history. He is one of the major authors in Estonian literature to have experimented with futurism, with pieces meant to irritate the petit bourgeois. The collection ... >>
1970
Andrus Kivirähk is a most remarkably prolific, innovative and powerful figure on the Estonian literary scene of today, probably the most beloved and talented Estonian writer nowadays. He is a virtuoso who can easily shift from one style to ... >>
1964
Sven Kivisildnik stands out as the most singular and exceptional figure in Estonian poetry. His approach to literature has been more daring and rude, but also more innovative than any other writing appearing in Estonia. Often working with no ... >>
1978
Veronika Kivisilla is a storyteller and bard, who made her poetry debut in 2011 with the collection Dear Calendar. Both this brief and spirited first work and the following Veronica officinalis (2012) convey the image of an author, whose ... >>
1973
Eva Koff, a translator, editor, writer, and French language teacher, was born in Tallinn in 1973. She graduated from the University of Tartu in French language and literature. Koff began her creative career as a dramatist. Her first play ... >>
1975
Indrek Koff’s 2010 “hysterical treatise” Eestluse elujõust (On the Energy of Estonian Essence), which teeters between poetry and prose, received Estonia’s most prestigious award for poetry, as well as two additional ... >>
1978
Igor Kotjuh is a publisher, translator, cultural mediator, and also founder and active promoter of Russian-Estonian literature as a unified literary movement. In addition to all of this, he is a remarkable poet in both Estonian and ... >>
1920 - 2007
Estonia's best known and most translated writer, a kind of cornerstone and conscience of the nation, is Jaan Kross. He was tipped for the Nobel Prize for Literature on several occasions for his novels, although he in fact started his literary ... >>
1970
Märten Kross was born in Tallinn in 1970, the youngest son of the writers Jaan Kross and Ellen Niit. Over the last decade he has worked as a film producer and scriptwriter, producing several documentary and feature films, including the film ... >>
1964
Hasso Krull is a remarkable phenomenon in the Estonian sphere of culture. His activity is so multi-faceted, and the content of each facet so important, that if any one of the expressions of his gifts were to be removed, his name would still be ... >>
1967
Reserve lieutenant-colonel, military analyst, journalist and the very best hard sci-fi author, Leo Kunnas creates a captivating new world in his science fiction books, naming Frank Herbert, Ursula Le Guin, Dan Simmons and the Strugatsky brothers ... >>
1929 - 2014
Madis Kõiv was a writer, physicist and philosopher, thinker and suggestive interpreter, who throughout his creative work concentrated with extraordinary talent on memory and the relativity of it. In his sequence Studia memoriae the ... >>
1969
Armin Kõomägi arouses differing feelings in his audience, and was even labelled as a horror-story author after his debut collection of short stories titled Amatöör (Amateur, 2005) had appeared. He is a very successful ... >>
1971
Asko Künnap is a poet with many talents, a synthesis of a writer and an artist, and his books of poems all reflect it: for example, Kokkusattumuste kaitseks (In Defence of Coincidences, 2001) is a combination of his third graphic art ... >>
L
1921 - 2000
Ilmar Laaban is often called the father of Estonian Surrealism. A mentor for some fascinating followers, he is still unparallelled in his ways of playing with a language with pure joy, and with that discovering and showing the hidden treasures of ... >>
1864 - 1913
Juhan Liiv, one of Estonia’s greatest poets, was an exceptional literary artist for his time – he is seen as having been a lyrical genius; the contemporary of 20th-century greats Garcia Lorca, F. Pessoa, and T. S. Eliot. Common ... >>
1946
Viivi Luik, born in 1946 in Viljandimaa, arrived on the Estonian literary scene as an eighteen-year-old Wunderkind on the crest of an excited wave of poetry in the nineteen-sixties. Her very first collection of poems Pilvede püha (A Holiday ... >>
In 2019, Susan Luitsalu (born in 1983) made a literary debut that received immediate distinction: her novel was nominated for the Cultural Endowment of Estonia’s Prize for Literature in the prose category and later earned her the Writer of ... >>
1887 - 1953
Oskar Luts (1887-1953), one of the Estonian most beloved authors, was simple and paradoxical, externally an enjoyable comic and a real man of the people, internally amazingly captivating. He wrote, moving “the ear of the heart”. ... >>
M
1973
The poems of the Estonian writer and artist writing under the Krishnaite pseudonym of Mathura have been translated into Russian, English, Polish, Swedish, Finnish, Albanian, Spanish, Mari, Chinese, Lithuanian, Hebrew and Hindi. He himself has ... >>
1970
Paavo Matsin’s works are imbued with vivid, limitless fantasy; a toying with time, space, and history; as well as layers upon layers of added meaning and subtext. He exercises an incredibly dense prosaic language. However, irony and a warm ... >>
1956
Ülo Mattheus has won important awards for his prose, and deserves to be regarded among the very best in Estonia. His debut collection, X maantee (Highway X, 1981), consisted of very fine-spun, sketchy but elaborate short stories. The title ... >>
1929 - 2006
Elected President of Estonia in 1992, Lennart Meri was a filmmaker, writer, and translator. His most famous book, Hõbevalge (Silverwhite, 1976), is a travel memoir narrating the history of Europe and Estonia. “I would have liked to ... >>
1944 - 2017
Ene Mihkelson´s novel Ahasveeruse uni (The Dream of Ahasuerus, 2001) was regarded as the greatest Estonian novel of the end of the 20th century, but her next novel Katkuhaud (Plague Grave, 2007) was already mentioned as the first grand ... >>
1970
Valdur Mikita is the mightiest master of Estonian myth in recent history. In 2008, he began publishing essayistic books that probe the unique dispositions of Nordic, and especially Finnic, peoples. Mikita’s literary series, which he has ... >>
1966
The writer and literary critic Made Luiga, who writes under the pseudonym Mudlum, lives in both Tallinn and on the small island of Muhu. Born in 1966 in Pärnu, she studied Theatre Studies, Estonian literature, and philosophy at the Estonian ... >>
1953
Mihkel Mutt is considered one of the most provocative Estonian authors, a serious conservative full of playfulness, who unites in his work the English sense of humour and the core texts of Estonian culture. His novels, plays and short ... >>
N
1962
1928 - 2016
Ellen Niit is a classic of Estonian children’s literature. Her children’s poetry is a joy to read for all ages, and her elegantly-written works for adults also encompass just as much depth, beauty, goodness, and rigid ... >>
P
1959
Writer, journalist, and film director Imbi Paju was born in central Estonia in 1959. She studied at several universities, including in political science at the University of Helsinki (1990–1995), and has worked as a freelance journalist for ... >>
1950
Eeva Park began as the author of mood poems depicting nature, and has said that she mixed feeling and thought in her poetry, while her prose is a mixture of understanding and memory. In her short prose works there are shades of nostalgia, real ... >>
1943 - 2018
Prosaist Rein Põder came from the southernmost tip of Southern Estonia, and the locale was frequently an enchantingly perceptible landscape in his works as well. Born in 1943, he graduated from the University of Tartu in 1969 as a ... >>
1944
Asta Põldmäe is one of Estonia's most captivating prosaists, and in addition is a very productive translator from Spanish and Finnish into her native tongue. Põldmäe was born in Puurmani, Tartu County in 1944. She ... >>
R
1961
Sometimes I have serious doubts about understanding what “growing up” really means. Perhaps this has something to do with the trajectory of my life being slightly distorted if judged by normal age-criteria and it seems I am getting ... >>
1947
As an author of psychological, experimental prose, Raudam´s works have been characterized as ‘psychohistory’. His prose is fragmentary and playful, often drawn to absurd, rich in intertextuality, warm and thoroughly ethical. He ... >>
1947
Olev Remsu is a prosaist and a teacher of film dramaturgy. Born in Tartu in 1947, he graduated from the University of Tartu in the field of journalism, and finished scenarist- and director courses in Moscow. The writer debuted with a ... >>
1986
Kaur Riismaa – a poet, actor, and playwright born in Tartu in 1986 – began posting his works in online literature portals when he was a student. His first collection titled Me hommikud, me päevad, õhtud, ööd ... >>
1912 - 1977
Karl Ristikivi is among the best writers of Estonia, and even as a young man he was considered the literary successor of Estonia´s great writer A. H. Tammsaare. He did not betray the confidence his readership had in him, becoming one of the ... >>
1979
One keyword by which Jürgen Rooste is well known is 'Taanilinn' (Danishtown), or Tallinn, a town/living organism which he addresses in his poems with equal parts of love and hatred. His own life, too, is totally Tallinn-focused: he was born ... >>
1942
Paul-Eerik Rummo might be called the most paradoxical “living legend” of the nineteen-sixties, and he is one of the most important persons bound up with Estonian poetic innovation at that time. His early debut in 1962 was quickly ... >>
1938
Poet and essayist Hando Runnel writes poetry which has a national tinge; a large part of his monumental work relates to the belief he always retained that one day the Soviet occupation of Estonia would end and the Estonian Republic be restored. ... >>
S
1947
Mari Saat (b. 1947) is an author among the very best in Estonian letters. Her very first book Katastroof (Catastrophe, 1973) won the Friedebert Tuglas Short Story Award. Since then she has published short stories, novels and children’s ... >>
1950
The poet, literary critic, translator, and linguist Joel Sang has a PhD in philology. He made his poetry debut in 1971 along with three other outstanding young authors in the joint collection Närvitrükk (Nerve Print). Sang has been a ... >>
1962
Peeter Sauter (b. 1962) is an important name in Estonian short prose since 1990. He has studied drama at the Academy of Music and Theatre in Tallinn and at Liverpool John Moores University. His works include plays and film scripts, travel books ... >>
1911 - 1989
Herman Sergo, a ship´s captain and a writer, wrote about the world he knew every inch of: the life of old salts from the seas and the people of the seaside villages of Hiiumaa, the second biggest island of Estonia. His father was a seaman, ... >>
1980
Joonas Sildre (b. 1980) is a graphic designer, comics artist, and caricaturist. He has organized showings and retrospectives of contemporary Estonian alternative comics. He teaches comic art and illustration at various institutions of fine arts ... >>
1971
Karl Martin Sinijärv is one of the more colourful figures among poets of the younger generation. Born in 1971 in Tallinn, he graduated from the University of Tartu in Estonian philology. Combining the role of poet, showman, journalist and ... >>
1969
Triin Soomets has a dark ‘psychographic’ writing style, critics have observed about her laconic and precise way of composing poetry. She is reserved and needs decoding; she is unique, very corporeal and has no taboos. What seems to be ... >>
1883 - 1956
Gustav Suits is one of Estonia’s greatest poets, and in a sense he occupies an especially significant position in our literature. Suits published the first truly groundbreaking collections of Estonian poetry of the 20th century; he was the ... >>
T
1945
Literary expert, poet, essayist, and translator Jüri Talvet’s poetry is particularly free, while at the same time erudite both in form and concept. It ranges from free verse through classical form and haiku; from tender love poetry ... >>
1904 - 1947
Heiti Talvik's laconic poetry has been called a "concentrate of eternal sadness". One of his devices is fire: yet, while every fire one day burns down to ash, Talvik's poems seems to be smoldering just as strongly as when they impacted the world, ... >>
1878 - 1940
Anton Hansen-Tammsaare is the grand old man of Estonian literature, and without doubt Estonia’s most famous writer. He was able to enshrine something deeply humane, binding the nation together with its land, writing the ambivalent myth of ... >>
1953
In 2014 Ilmar Taska’s novella "A Car Called Victory" (Pobeda, 2013) won the short story category of the prize organised by the only journal in Estonia dedicated solely to fiction, Looming. "A Car Called Victory" offers the reader a story ... >>
1958
Tarmo Teder’s world is considered naturalistic, rough and mean, but it is not in fact lacking in humour, profound tragedy, warmth, dreams and everything else that constitutes good literature where, next to black and white, there is space ... >>
1962
1936
Mats Traat is like a cornerstone of Estonian literature, impossible to imagine without his poetry and prose. He has been really prolific in both genres. In 2010, with a novel called Õelate lamp (The Lamp of the Wicked) he finished his ... >>
1886 - 1971
Friedebert Tuglas was a writer, critic, literary expert, and translator. Tuglas' short stories are unsurpassed: they are impressionist, later neo-romantic, feature a definite composition and are akin to myth, are picture-like, and grotesque. An ... >>
1947
Already multiple generations of Estonian readers are familiar with Leelo Tungal foremost through her spirited children's poems, which climax in creative ways and are speckled with plays on words. Yet, in addition to her fifty children's books, ... >>
1940
The writer Ülo Tuulik is the older twin brother of the writer and playwright Jüri Tuulik (1940–2014), and they were born as sons of a schoolteacher of a little fishing village on Abruka, a tiny Estonian island, of ... >>
U
1883 - 1980
Marie Under was for long years more like a holy myth – almost a mythical saint, far away in exile. Under was the one who embodied the community spirit of a little nation, becoming a natural symbol of it, homely and uniting, and, as the ... >>
1958
With Jaan Undusk one can only wonder at the inverse proportionality of the size of his work and its importance. There are a number of good writers in Estonia who have published as many as twenty or thirty books, but there is no-one on a par with ... >>
1944 - 2005
Mati Unt, a writer, theatre director and essayist, belonged to the Golden Sixties of Estonian culture. He was the most delicate of Estonian prose authors, and his passion was the theatre, staging on the stage and in life. He possessed a very ... >>
1985
Eia Uus was born in Estonia’s western Noarootsi region in 1985 and studied in Thailand as a high school exchange student. Several years spent in Asia on a scholarship inspired the author to write her debut novel Kuu külm kuma (The ... >>
V
1977
Urmas Vadi graduated in radio directing from Tallinn University. He has worked as a radio journalist, and is a writer, playwright and producer.Vadi was the youngest author to win the New Drama Competition with the children’s play, Varasta ... >>
1975
Berk Vaher seems to follow the principle that fiction is most rewarding when it resists quick understanding, and therefore his perception of the world often results in a most interesting collage of text. His recent works are perhaps not as ... >>
1969
Since 1989, the writer and musician Mait Vaik has played bass guitar in well-known alternative rock bands. Vennaskond (Brotherhood), Metro Luminal and Sõpruse Puiestee (Friendship Boulevard) owe him a number of popular song lyrics and, in ... >>
1971
Aidi Vallik came to literature as a poetess, but is best known and highly appreciated for her stories about Ann, a teenage schoolgirl from Tallinn. In the era of vampires, vampirates and witchcraft academy students, Vallik writes in her ... >>
1935
Arvo Valton (Vallikivi) is one of those writers who began writing in the nineteen-sixties and, having already seen the worst sides of the Soviet occupation, did not have fear of it. He was fresh and humorous, then satirical and grotesque while ... >>
1936 - 2017
Enn Vetemaa seems to be much more important for Estonian prose than is currently generally perceived. He belonged to the powerful literary generation of the nineteen-sixties, and every literature fan can learn something from Vetemaa, for the ... >>
1974
Elo Viiding’s poetry (in her first three published collections she used the pseudonym Elo Vee) has undergone several sharp swings in form, yet her texts always remain recognizable and individual. In Viiding’s poetry one can speak of ... >>
1948 - 1995
Sometimes the impact of a single poet can be so powerful and overwhelming that his influence will dominate the poetic mainstream for more than a decade. This was certainly the case with Juhan Viiding, who published his most important works under ... >>
1865 - 1933
Eduard Vilde was the first Estonian prose writer to achieve classic status, and he has thereby come to be regarded as the most eminent. He was 'first' in many ways – to write bulky original novels such as the huge historical works Mahtra ... >>
1944
Toomas Vint (b. 1944) is equally accomplished as a novelist and a painter of Magrittean landscapes. He has studied biology at the University of Tartu. His first book was a short story collection Kahel pool hekiga palistatud teed (On Both Sides of ... >>
1949
David Vseviov (b. 1949) is an Estonian historian and a professor of art history and visual culture at the Estonian Academy of Arts. He has been named Estonian Opinion Leader of the Year, and has received the European Parliament’s 2016 ... >>
Õ
1962
Tõnu Õnnepalu is one of the most interesting and internationally known Estonian prose authors. He has published works under the pseudonyms of Emil Tode and Anton Nigov. He began his writing career as a poet in 1985, with a ... >>
1956
Ervin Õunapuu is a prose writer, scriptwriter and film director, playwright and an artist well known for his theatre sets and surrealist water-colours. In 1996 he published his first novel Olivia. Meistriklass (Olivia. Master Class), which ... >>
Ü
1948 - 1995